A UNESCO World Heritage Site is an important landmark in the world chosen by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization as a protected area. The places selected to be UNESCO World Heritage Sites are usually in a historical location with cultural and anthropological importance. Heritage is indeed our legacy inherited from past generations, maintained at present and passed down to future generations. Sri Lanka is home to eight such sites—six cultural and two natural, namely, the sacred city of Anuradhapura (1982), the ancient city of Polonnaruwa (1982), the ancient city of Sigiriya (1982), the Golden Temple of Dambulla (1991), the sacred city of Kandy (1988), the old town of Galle and its fortifications (1988), Sinharaja Forest Reserve (1988) and the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka (2010).
Sacred City of Anuradhapura
Anuradhapura is located in the North Central Province of Sri Lanka. The extent of the historic town is about 50 hectares. Anuradhapura is the altitude of 81 meters. City, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1982, is the center of Theravada Buddhism for centuries. Climate’s highest rainfall is expected in October, November and December months. In April and May of the evening, thundershowers would have expected. Other months especially fair (sunny and dry weather). The average temperature is about 32 ° C.
Anuradhapura is one of the ancient capitals of Sri Lanka, famous for its well-preserved ruins of the ancient civilization of Sri Lanka. It is the third capital of the Kingdom of Rajarata, following Tambapanni and Upatissa Nuwara kingdom. It remained the capital of Sri Lanka for about 1400 years and is the oldest city in Sri Lanka.
Anuradhapura, city largest monastery of the ancient world that dates from the middle of the 5th century B.C. remained the proud seat of kingdom of Sri Lanka until the 11th century A.D. fixed seats are proud kingdom of Sri Lanka until the 11th century A.D. Anuradhapura filled with monuments renovated, the buildings restored, the ruins preserved and historical sites where archaeological excavation is still being kept.
Anuradhapura was the cradle of Sinhala Buddhist noble civilization. Pride of place in Anuradhapura had taken by ancient stupa and ancient reservoirs. Towering stupas (dagobas) of stupendous domes, the marvels of ancient civil engineering, were built having taken into the account the effects of lightning on high rise constructions, among numerous other engineering factors. Extensive rainwater reservoirs built by crossing the river with a huge dam and control the outlets with “Bisokotuwa” (Sinhala: Queens existing Annex entries, of course) valve pits (sluice gate), extend a lifeline to Anuradhapura district to date.
Among other attractions Anuradhapura is a magnificent stone carving and monumental wealth of extraordinary grace; colossal stone pillar that stands proudly in the middle of the ruins of the royal palaces, Buddhist monasteries, and temples; a magnificent swimming pool cut stone advanced hydrology.
Jaya Sri maha bodhi
Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi is a sacred Bodhi tree (Ficus religiosa) lying in Anuradhapura. It is one of the most sacred places of worship Buddha in Sri Lanka. Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi of Anuradhapura is the world’s oldest human-planted living tree. It is said to be the southern branch of the Sri Maha Bodhi in Bodh Gaya in India where Gautama Buddha attained enlightenment. It was brought to Sri Lanka from Bodh Gaya in India by Ven “Sanghamitta Therini”, younger brother of Mahinda Arhant, with the patronage of Emperor Dharmashoka. It was planted in the garden of King Devanapiyatissa kingdom known as the Supreme Meghavana Udyanaya in Anuradhapura. The area around the Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi consists of Lovamahapaya (Brazen Palace) and the magnificent Ruwanweliseya Dagoba, which was probably once part of the Great Temple Maha Vihara. A continuous succession of trustees has been taken care of by Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi for more than 2000 years, even during the period of occupation of India.
Ruwanweliseya Dagoba
Ruwanweliseya has shaped bubble dagobas 55 meters was built in the 2nd century BC by King Dutugemunu (161 BC – 137 BC) who could not live to see completed. This is the greatest work of King Dutugemunu. Initially, dagobas stand taller than the current height. This is because it was heavily damaged by the invaders of India and after restoration, height is falling to 55 meters and a diameter of 115.5 meters.
Dagoba was originally surrounded by two large paved courts or platform, the inner one is raised above the exterior. Along the outer side-wall boundary there was initially a complete circle elephant, made of brick and coated with Chunam each elephant comes, said Mahavamsa or the Great Chronicle of Sri Lanka, which is structured around the 6th century with real ivory tusks. Most of these numbers have fallen far beyond recognition; but in some, the shape of animals still clearly discernable. “
Lovamahapaya (Brazen Palace)
Lying between the sacred Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi and Ruwanweliseya Dagoba, Lovamahapaya or brash palace is an ancient building that has a bronze roof. Originally built by King Dutugemunu (161 BC – 137 BC) more than 2,000 years ago, it is a nine-story Lovamahapaya 150 ft tall buildings that can accommodate 1000 monks, but over time it was rebuilt many times. What can be seen today is the 1600 stone columns.
Mirisavetiya Dagaba
A large dagoba standing near Tissa Wewa (lake), Mirisavetiya Dagoba built by King Dutugemunu (161 BC-137 BC) in the 2nd century BC. Enshrined in the dagoba is an ornate scepter that contains a relic of Buddha.
Jetavanarama Stupa
Built by King Mahasena (273-301 AD), Jetavanarama Stupa is the largest stupa/dagoba in Sri Lanka. Enshrined in the dagoba is believed to be a part of a sash or belt worn by the Buddha. Today, dagobas stands 70m high but originally may have stood up to 100m high. It is the largest building ever built of brick, and the 3rd largest structures in the ancient world, after the two largest of the Great Pyramid of Giza. Approximately 93.3 million baked bricks used to build the stupa (Ratnayaka 1993).
This stupa belongs to the Sagalika sect. The compound covers about 8 acres (5.6 hectares) and once housed more than 3,000 Buddhist monks. One side of the Stupa is 576 ft (176 m) long, and a flight of stairs at each of the four sides that are 28 ft (8.5 m) wide. The doorpost to the shrine, which is located in the courtyard, is 27 ft (8.2 m) high. This stupa has 6 meter deep foundations and sat down in bedrock. A stone inscription in the courtyard gives the names of people who contributed to the development effort.
Tuparama Stupa
Located north Ruwanweliseya Dagoba and built by King Devanapiyatissa (307 BC-267 BC), Tuparamaya is the oldest stupa in Sri Lanka built after the introduction of Buddhism to Sri Lanka. Immortalized in dagobas is a sacred Buddha relic of the cervical vertebrae. These relics, gifts from India, standing testimony to good relations enjoyed by the then ruler of Sri Lanka. Column around the stupa is a part of the road which supports the roof that covered the sacred building. Aesthetically, the interior like structure definitely an amazing expression of engineered wood and the most skilled craftsmanship. The edifice’s conical design of this building, which is unique in the history of world architecture, continues to be discussed and debated by scholars and scientists. Thuparamaya is a residential complex for monks.
Abhayagiri Dagoba
Abhayagiri is a large monastery complex built by King Walagamba (103 BC and 89-77 BC) during the 2nd century BC. The dagoba is that originally stood 117 meters high, but today stands just 75 meters tall. The monastery is said to have accommodated about 5000 monks. This large abbey ruins visible today.
Lankarama
Located in Galhebakada in Anuradhapura, Lankarama is a stupa built by King Walagamba (103 BC and 89-77 BC) in the 1st century BC. The ruins at the site bear testimony to the fact that there has been Vatadage, houses encircling the stupa. Stupas surrounding yard is 3 meters above the ground. Nearby is Et Pokuna (elephant pond ), which had been watered by Periyakulama tank through subterranean canals. The pool stands 159 meters, 52.7 meters in width and 9.5 meters in depth. Et Pokuna believed to have been used by the Buddhist monks living in the Abhayagiri monastery.
Samadhi Statue
Looming over the entire site of Mahamevnawa Park in Anuradhapura, Samadhi Statue is located in the middle of the park. Statue of envy has a profound meditation and Buddha’s position at first Enlightenment on the way to Nirvana. The sculpture can easily be found in the East of Abhayagiri Dagoba, west south Sacred Jaya Sri Maha Bodhi and on the shore of Tissa Wewa.
Now it is covered with a metal roof on top of the statue. The sculpture takes you to the knowledge of architecture and ancient skilled in Sri Lanka about the 3 and 4th century. However, government authorities Samadhi statue was found in 1886 it had fallen to the bottom of the seat. The nose of the statue had to be reconstructed. But it took an artificial appearance to the Statue. The government authorities must be placed correctly and preserve it. If not, it will disappear.
It gives you a neutered feeling from the front. So some argue that this statue teaches us a lesson wider than Buddhism on ‘How to tolerate your feelings’. Archaeologists said that the originator of this beautiful statue placed the eyes of the Buddha because nothing is the same as for any other sculptures from around the world.
Kuttam Pokuna (Twin Ponds)
Located in Abhayagiri monastic complex, Kuttam Pokuna means the pool is a good set of twins swam like a swimming pool, north which stands 40m long and 28m south. It was built to be used by the monks living in the monastery Abhayagiri for showers
One of the wonders of ancient hydrological Sri Lanka, Kuttam Pokuna watered through a fine filtration system. The water is channeled through underground channels first delivered to the space rock in which mud and other dirt particles deposit and clear water then flows into a larger pool through the mouth of the dragon, and then into a smaller pool.
Moonstone “Sandakada Pahana”
The first sandakada pahana was created during the latter stages of the ancient kingdom of Anuradhapura. They just placed at the entrance to the Buddhist temple during this period. The carving of semicircular stone slabs the same in every sandakada pahana. Half lotus was carved in the center, which is covered by several concentric bands. The first band of half-lotus decorated with swans procession, followed by a band with intricate foliage designs known as “liyavel”. The third band has a carving of four animals; elephants, lions, horses, and cattle. Fourth animals follow one another in the procession symbolizing the four stages of life: growth, energy, power, and patience. The fourth and outermost band contains carving fire, usually interpreted as representing a fire altar.
Entrance Tickets:
Adult 25 USD + Service Charge+ Government Tax(VAT + NBT + Etc.) +Vehicle Charge
Child 12.50 USD + Service Charge+ Government Tax(VAT + NBT + Etc.) +Vehicle Charge
Opening & Closing Time: 7.00 Am to 5.30 Pm (Tickets will not be issued after 5.30 PM)
Distance & Driving Hours
From Nearest Town Anuradhapura
From Kandy: 138 kilometers Approximately 3 & Half Hours Drive
From Colombo: 200 Kilometers Approximately 5 Hours Drive
Ancient City of Polonnaruwa
Polonnaruwa is located in the province of North-central Sri Lanka. Polonnaruwa altitude is 53m. The ancient city of Polonnaruwa, 122 hectares in extent. Pulastipura alias Polonnaruwa is an ancient city is the second kingdom of Sri Lanka. Polonnaruwa stands as one of the greatest historical and archaeological sites in Sri Lanka and has been declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1982. Visit historical Polonnaruwa and a glimpse of the glorious history of Sri Lanka. Climate is tropical climate prevailing throughout the year and the average temperature remains between 25o C and 32o C. April was the hottest with an average temperature of 29o C, which can get up to 34o C. January is the coldest time of the average temperature of 25o C and drops down to a minimum of 21°C.
Kaduruwela area is the Polonnaruwa New Town and the other part of Polonnaruwa remains as the royal ancient city of the Kingdom of Polonnaruwa. The second most ancient of Sri Lanka’s kingdoms, Polonnaruwa was first declared the capital city by King Vijayabahu I (1055 AD–1110 AD), who defeated Chola invaders in 1070 to reunite the country once more under a local leader.
Royal Palace
The royal palace of King Parakramabahu I (1153 AD-1186 AD), which is the greatest king of the Polonnaruwa period is a magnificent construction lying in the royal palace complex. Measuring 31m x 13m, the palace known as Vijayanta Prasada’ve had seven stories, four upper floors are wood. Only 3 meters of large wall thickness up to 3 floors of the palace can be seen today. The brick walls had large holes that may have held large wooden beams above the floor structure.
According to the Mahavamsa, chronicle large, this magnificent palace has 1000 rooms. Around the castle, the ruins of a number of structures including hall and Kumara Pokuna can be seen. It is said that the palace is burned by the invaders after they conquered southern India Polonnaruwa.
Audience Hall
The audience hall is a fine attraction within the royal palace premises of King Parakramabahu I (1153 AD-1186 AD). The entrance to the hall is via a stone staircase on which the two lion sculptures remain seated. Its decor elephant is also eye-catching. A number of stone pillars standing in the hall encircling it.
Vatadage
Located in the southeast of Quadrangle or Dalada Maluwa (enclosure walled rectangle built on a raised porch which houses a number of ancient structures and monuments such as Vatadage, Atadage, Nissanka Latha Mandapaya, etc.), Vatadage is a circular structure built over a period of Polonnaruwa to house the tooth relic of Buddha. Decorated with elaborate stone carvings, this magnificent structure situated on stilts and has two terraces: the outermost and innermost. The outer terrace which is inserted through one entrance facing north. The entrance is made of stone steps carved elegant and enriched with the moonstone and two guard stones but only one remains today guard stone while the inner patio surrounded by a brick wall that goes through four entrances in the wind. the entrance is also made of the beautifully carved stone staircase and flanked by guard stones and led by Moonstones, north one that stands unique. Four 5-foot tall images of Buddha sitting describe Dhyana Mudra carved out of solid rock lie facing each of the entrances. In the middle is a small dagoba where relics of the Buddha may have been immortalized. Three concentric rows of stone columns positioned on the terrace; perhaps they support the wooden roof.
Moonstone at Vatadage
Moonstones or Sandakada Pahana Polonnaruwa period different from the majority of the Anuradhapura period. The moonstone lying at the northern entrance of Polonnaruwa Vatadage is one of the greatest moonstones from the period of Polonnaruwa. One of the outstanding features of this moonstones is that elephants, lions, and horses carved into separate bands, while figures of elephants, lions, horses, and bulls are carved in a single band on the people of Anuradhapura period. Figures bull can not be seen on Moonstones Polonnaruwa era and it is believed that this is due to the influence of Hinduism; Polonnaruwa was conquered by the south Indian invaders.
Gal Pota (Stone Book)
Gal Pota or stone book is a 26-foot long 4-foot wide slab of rock lying close to Hetadage in Quadrangle. This ancient stone book contains inscriptions that confirm it is the publication of the King Nissanka Malla (1187 AD-1196 AD) whose virtues as king is written in the book of this colossal stone. The inscription itself says that the 25-ton stone book is taken from Mihintale which is 100 km away. This is the longest stone inscription of that kind in Sri Lanka.
Hetadage
Another magnificent construction was established during the period of Polonnaruwa, Hetadage is a huge building built by King Nissanka Malla (1187 AD-1196 AD) to house the tooth relic of Buddha. It resembles Atadage but larger in size. Once had the top floor of wood, stone steps that can still be seen and also the three standing Buddha images can be seen lying on the ground floor. It is said that this building was established in the 60 hours since Hetadage name means house 60 hours. At the entrance to the rock-month Hetadage is different from the typical Moonstones Polonnaruwa period because it contains the figure of a lion.
Nissanka Lata Mandapa
Built by King Nissanka Malla (1187 AD-1196 AD) and was named after him, Nissanka Lata Mandapa is a unique structure that is located close to the west entrance of Dalada Maligawa. This stone is like a platform Mandapa enclosed by a stone wall lattice and in the middle is a small stupa shaped bubble surrounded by lotus-stalk-like stone columns peak shaped like a lotus bud. Log in to Mandapa is through the stone door. An inscription in Mandapa asserts that King Nissanka Malla used to listen to Pirith (chanting of Buddhist scriptures).
Satmahal Prasada (Demala Maha Seya)
Located in the northeastern corner of the Quadrangle, Satmahal Prasada alias Maha Seya Demala is building a 32-square-foot tall, pyramid-type with seven floors reduced. It is believed that the ancient buildings that resemble the eighth-century Square Chedi in Lamphun, Thailand is a work of King Parakramabahu I (1153 AD-1186AD), during whose reign Polonnaruwa see the peak of prosperity.
Lankatilaka
Lankatilaka is a gedige-type hollow structure without a roof made of bricks. Fantastic structure of the 12th century was built by King Parakramabahu I (1153 AD-1186AD) and later restored by King Vijayabahu IV (1270 AD-1272 AD). This structure has a 55-foot high wall with intricate carvings and the entrance is flanked by two beautiful carved guard stones. Inside the structure is a headless colossal Buddha image with a height of 41 feet.
Kiri Vihara
Built by Subhadra, the queen of King Parakramabahu I (1153 AD-1186AD), Kiri Vihara is a large high-80ft dagoba that was originally known as Rupavati Dagoba. Kiri Vihara means dagobas milk-white and remained in good condition without restoration although built in the 12th century.
Gal Vihara
Polonnaruwa, Gal Vihara, originally known as Uttararama, an ancient rock temple in Polonnaruwa with a group of magnificent Buddha image, all carved into a single long granite boulder. The group consists of four colossal Buddha images; two sitting, standing and lying down one another. Founded by King Parakramabahu I (1153 AD-1186 AD) in the 12th century, colossal Buddha images depict the best of Sinhala expertise in stone carving.
7-meter-high standing Buddha image is the best of the four images of Buddha. This picture raises facial expression sad and arms folded across his chest, and therefore some archaeologists say that it is of Ananda Thera, Buddha’s disciples, who mourned parinirvana (passing-direction) of the Buddha while several other archaeologists show that is the Buddha who show affection highest toward suffering.
Lying on a bare rock flattened side standing image, reclining Buddha image is 14.12 meters long images carved into solid rock and the largest in Gal Vihara. The image depicts a parinirvana (passing-away) of Buddha lying on the right side with the right arm supporting the head on a roll while the left arm is located along the body.
the image sits 4.6 meters tall is the larger of the two images alone sit. Image cause Dhyana Mudra (meditation posture) and Buddha seated on a lotus flower. The stone background is nicely decorated with carvings. Others sitting Buddha image is smaller than the others and standing 15 feet high lay in a cave.
Nelum Pokuna (Lotus Pond)
Located about 500 meters north of Demala Maha Seya, Nelum Pokuna or Lotus Pond is a lotus-shaped pool with five concentric rings down eight petals each built by King Parakramabahu I (1153 AD-1186 AD) to be used by the monks.
Pulasti Statue
It is an 11-foot 2-inch tall statue carved on a large rock over a period of Polonnaruwa. Sculpture of the 12th century is located close to the eastern edge of the Parakrama Samudra and 100 meters north of the ancient temples depict Potgul magnificent with a serious expression, holding a book-like object in his hand. There is no evidence of the fact that the building of this statue and appearing in it. It is said that this statue of King Parakramabahu I (1153 AD-1186 AD), the greatest king of the Polonnaruwa period while archaeologists suggest it is Pulasti, a sage who was in Sri Lanka.
Tivanka Image House
Built by King Parakramabahu I (1153 AD-1186 AD), Tivanka Image House is an interesting picture house that lay 400 meters north of the famous Lotus Pond. The word refers to the three curves Tivanka and the home image is referred to as the only image of the Buddha in the house image has three curves in the knees, hips, and shoulders. This Buddha image stands eight meters high and headless destroyed.
With 7-12 feet thick walls, the picture house 133ft long and 67.6ft wide. Tivanka Image House is an ancient classical art and sculpture fun of the Polonnaruwa era. Both sides of the walls are beautifully decorated; the outside walls are beautified with lots of decorative sculpture and painting a happy figure looks of ganas dwarf, etc., and the interior walls are filled with unique murals depicting the life of Buddha before. This mural shows the trend of the style of the 12th and 13thcenturies. However, the mural at the entrance less detail and quality illustrational while the paintings on the inner walls seem to have been painted with care.
Potgul Vihara
Potgul Vihara is a thick-walled structure in the form of gedige built by King Parakramabahu I (1153 AD-1186 AD), near the statue Pulasti at the archaeological site of Polonnaruwa. This is basically a Buddhist library complex is considered the oldest library complex in Sri Lanka. This brick structure surrounded by four small dagobas in the four corners has four terraces. It is believed that King used to listen to the Buddhist Jataka stories related to the teacher in this monastery.
Entrance Tickets:
Adult 25 USD + Service Charge+ Government Tax(VAT + NBT + Etc.) +Vehicle Charge
Child 12.50 USD + Service Charge+ Government Tax(VAT + NBT + Etc.) +Vehicle Charge
Opening & Closing Time: 7.30 Am to 6.00 Pm (Tickets will not be issued after 6.00 PM)
Distance & Driving Hours
From Nearest Town Polonnaruwa
From Kandy: 142 kilometers Approximately 3 & Half Hours
Drive. From Colombo: 218 Kilometers Approximately 5 & Half Hours Drive
Ancient City of Sigiriya
Sigiriya Rock Fortress located in the Central Province of Sri Lanka .the palace is located in a large rocky plateau 370 meters above sea level. Sigiriya rock has two fortified precincts where the western precinct encompasses 90 hectares, and the eastern precinct covers 40 hectares. Sigiriya was named a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1982. Sigiriya rock plateau, which formed from magma extinct volcano, is 200 meters higher than the surrounding forest. The climate is hot and humid throughout the year and the average temperature remains between 200 C and 300 C.
Fort complex including the remains of ruined castles, surrounded by a vast network of forts, extensive gardens, ponds, canals, alleys, and fountains. Since the 3rd century, BC Sigiriya rocky plateau served as a convent. In the second half, the 5th-century king Kasyapa (477 CE-495 CE) decided to build a royal residence here. After his death, Sigiriya again becomes a Buddhist monastery until the 14th century, when it was abandoned. The term comes from the word Sihagri Sigiriya, the Lion Rock. The west wall of Sigiriya is almost entirely covered by frescoes. Frescoes depicting naked women and well-regarded portrait of wives and concubines Nagas or priests perform religious rituals.
City Planning and Landscaping
Sigiriya is considered one of the sites of the most important urban planning of the first millennium, and a site plan is considered very complicated and imaginative. On the west side of the rock lies a park for the nobility, placed on a proportionate plan; garden contains water-retaining structures, including advanced hydraulic system surfaces, some of which work even today. South which contains man-made reservoir; the widely used than the previous capital of the dry zone of Sri Lanka. Five gates were placed at the entrance. The wall mirror is well maintained.
Royal Gardens
The most important aspect of Sigiriya is a garden and it is among the oldest landscaped gardens in the world. The gardens are divided into three distinct but related forms: water parks, caves and rock gardens, and terraced gardens.
The water gardens are seen in the center of the western garden. Three principal gardens are found here. The first consists of a garden plot are surrounded by water. It is connected to the main zone using four ramps, with gateways placed at the head of each cross. The park is built according to the shape of an ancient park and is one of the oldest models of this form.
The second contains two long, deep pools set on either side of the road. Two shallow, meandering rivers cause this pool. Fountain made of circular limestone plates is placed here. Underground water channels supplying water to this fountain is still functioning, especially during the rainy season. Two large islands lie on either side of the second water park. Summer palace built on the flat surface of these islands. The third park is sited on a higher level than the other two with a large octagonal pool on a raised pedestal on its northeast corner. Large brick and stone walls of the fortress are on the eastern edge of this park.
Water gardens are built on an east-west axis. They are connected with the outer moat in the west and a large artificial lake to the south of the rock. A miniature water park located west of the first water park, consisting of several smaller pools and waterways. The newly discovered small garden seems to have been built after the occupation of King Kassapa, probably between the late 10th and 13th. This proves that Sigiriya was occupied by many of the pre-history and even after King Kassapa.
The garden of stone consists of several large boulders that are connected by winding paths. The gardens extend from the northern slopes to the south slope of the hill at the foot of Sigiriya rock. The audience hall of the king is positioned in the rock garden; the remains were visible on the flat crest and polished off a large rock.
The terraced garden is formed of a natural hill at the base of the Sigiriya rock. Ancient fortress once sat on a stone, and the remnants of a glorious past are still visible today. Foundation of the building spread over 1.5 hectares, remains intact, as do the terrace and garden. The summit is also equipped with a large pool, made by cutting into the rock, as well as a small pond made of bricks. The view is breathtaking and completely worth the climb. A series of terraces raises the stone garden path to the ladder on the rock. It has been created by the construction of a brick wall and is located in approximately concentric plan around the rock. The road through the terraced garden is formed by a limestone staircase. There is two large brick staircase with limestone paving, which provides access from Boulder gardens through this garden into the stone itself. The road to this ladder maybe just two that bear some resemblance to the original path. One of these stairs past a cave believed to be a temple to the goddess Abhrasthita. The other, a large arch created by two rocks, also provides access to the terraced garden above. These two steps are ended on the landing is located near the middle of the west face of the rock. Beam hole cut into the rock indicates that this landing may once have been covered. The Mirror Wall starts in this direction.
Frescoes
Frescoes 5th century is the most famous feature of Sigiriya. These stunning wall paintings that are believed to represent either apsaras (heavenly nymphs), or a concubine of King Kassapa, painted on the surface of the thin stone which appears to be a giant photo gallery. The paintings would have spread across the western face of the rock and graffiti refers to 500 women, but unfortunately, most of them have faded and only a few paintings can be seen today. These paintings seem unique because such a style of painting cannot be seen anywhere else. Lines have been painted in a form that increases the sense of volume figures and the paint has been applied in strokes using more pressure on one side effect deeper color tone towards the edge.
Mirror Wall and Graffiti
Mirror Wall is a brick wall three meters high with plaster very smooth as a mirror. This wall is meant for those who come to see the frescoes to note their impressions of the women in the gallery above. Wall mirror contains a number of graffiti around 1000 years shows the evolution of Sinhala language. People from all walks of life have written thousands of verses on the walls on a variety of subjects such as love, irony, and the experiences of all kinds. One wrote: ” Budal, come up with hundreds of people to see the Sigiriya because all of them write, I do not.” He has left an important note that Sigiriya visited by people started a very long time.
Lion’s Paws
The colossal lion is a good appeal in ancient Sigiriya fortress. lion constructed of bricks lying either side of the entrance that runs through the mouth of a lion on a flight of steps. The fifth-century claws were found during excavations in 1898.
Entrance Tickets:
Adult 30 USD + Service Charge+ Government Tax(VAT + NBT + Etc.) +Vehicle Charge
Child 15 USD + Service Charge+ Government Tax(VAT + NBT + Etc.) +Vehicle Charge
Opening & Closing Time: 6.00 Am to 6.00 Pm (Tickets will not be issued after 4.00 PM)
Distance & Driving Hours
From Nearest Town Dambulla: 25 kilometers Approximately 30 Minutes Drive
From Kandy: 91 kilometers Approximately 3 Hours Drive.
From Colombo: 170 Kilometers Approximately 5 Hours Drive
Rangiri Dambulla Cave Temple
Rangiri Dambulla Cave Temple is located in the Central Province of Sri Lanka. This temple is located at an elevation of 341 meters from the sea level rises a massive rock from the surrounding plains of Dambulla of 183 meters high and over 607 meters in length. The rock structures are towering up to a height of 150 meters. The murals cover an area of 2,100 square meters. There are several cave temple clusters spread across two facing south and west on the location of Dambulla Rock, located near the geographic center of the island stands about 180 meters from the surrounding plain. Dambulla cave temple is also known as the Golden Temple of Dambulla is a World Heritage Site in 1991. During the months of January, February, March, April, and May you are most likely to experience good weather with average temperatures pleasant fall between 20 degrees Celsius and 25 degrees Celsius. The January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September and December have a high chance of rainfall. On average, the warmest month is April. On average, the coolest month is February. October is the wettest month. This month should be avoided if you’re not a big fan of the rain. March is the driest month.
Dambulla heritage site with a history extending from prehistoric and proto-historic times, right down to the modern period, makes Sri Lanka’s heritage truly splendorous. Cave temples that date back to the 1st century BC is one of eight World Heritage Sites of Sri Lanka. Caves are considered the best warehouse of Sinhala art and sculpture. It has five caves under the wide overhanging rock. There are images of the Buddha and Bodhisattvas, as well as various gods and goddesses. Five cave temples converted into rooms. Caves, built on during the Anuradhapura period (1st Century BC to 993 AD) and Polonnaruwa period (1073-1250 AD), is the most inspiring of many cave temples in Sri Lanka.
King Walagamba (103 and 89-77 BC) converted the cave into a temple in the 1st century BC. Exiled from Anuradhapura, he sought refuge here from South Indian invaders for 15 years. After reclaiming his capital, the king built a temple to worship gratefully. Many other kings added to it later and the 11th century, the cave has become a major religious center. King Nissankamalla (1187-1196 AD) gilded the caves and added about 70 Buddha statues in 1190 AD. During the 18th century, the cave was restored and painted by the Kandyan Kings.
Cave No. 1 -Dev Raja Viharaya
This is the first cave temple that you come across when entering the temple through the main gate. Dev Raja Vihara temple means the king of gods. In this cave is a 47-foot-long reclining Buddha image depicting the passing away of the Buddha. Also, there are five other pictures, one of which is of Arhat Ananda, the closest disciple of Buddha lying at the feet of reclining Buddha image. But other images are held in a small temple of God Vishnu said. The cave walls are decorated with paintings faded almost beyond recognition.
Cave No. 2 -Maha Raja Viharaya
Maha Raja Vihara or temple of the great king was the most striking and largest of the cave temples at Dambulla cave temple series. It is said that the 72-foot-long, 25-foot-wide, 21-foot cave shrine high-founded by the great king Vattagamini Abhaya. Cave holds 53 images depicting various mudras or postures.
A dagobas 18-foot-high located to the right of the main entrance and spacious circular pedestal is decorated with four figures of Buddha facing four quarters. The cave is also home to a painted wooden statue of King Walagamba and another statue of King Nissankamalla which is one of the customers’ royal temples. In this temple, room housed a collection of one hundred and fifty images of Buddha and the Order of the country’s history. The sculptures and paintings are representing many of the eras of Sinhala art and sculpture. In the cave more images of various gods as well.
When it comes to the walls of the cave, the entire surface of the walls filled with colorful paintings depicting the Buddha’s life before and after his enlightenment as well as the story of his previous life. Yellow seems dominant in these paintings are brightly colored. There are many paintings depicting the history of Sri Lanka.
The cave is also famous for vessels that collect water drips constantly into the caves of the east end, even during drought. Water collected in this vessel is used for sacred rituals.
Cave No. 3 -Maha Alut Viharaya
Alut Maha Vihara or a great new temple which is said to have used as a warehouse until the 18th century is 90 feet long, 81 feet wide and 36 feet high cave and the second largest cave separated from cave no. 2 by a stone wall. This cave also holds a large number of Buddhist images and paintings are spectacular. 30-foot-long reclining Buddha image carved quite brilliantly beautiful pictures in the cave. Kandyan period paintings depicting the history of Buddha and the Buddha’s life can be seen in the entire surface of the stone.
Cave No. 4 -Pachima Viharaya
Pacoima temple or shrine cave west is dipping 50-foot-long, 20-foot-wide and 27-foot-tall sharply toward the back wall. Cave holds a number of Buddha figures and lying in Makara Thorana (dragon gate) which describes Dhyana Mudra or meditation posture is very impressive.
Cave No. 5 -Devana Alut Viharaya
Devana Alut Viharaya or the second new temple which was once used as a warehouse holds a reclining Buddha and a number of Hindu deities.
Entrance Tickets:
Adult Rs.1500
Child Rs.750
Opening & Closing Time: 7.00 Am to 7.00 Pm (Tickets will not be issued after 6.00 PM)
Distance & Driving Hours
From Nearest Town Dambulla: 2 kilometers Approximately 10 Mnts Drive.
From Kandy: 72 kilometers Approximately 2 & Half Hours Drive.
From Colombo: 161 Kilometers Approximately 4 Hours Drive.
Sacred City of Kandy
Kandy is located in the Central Province of Sri Lanka. It is the second-largest city after Colombo. Kandy lays inland mountains and thick forests of the island. It is located among several mountains, including the Knuckles mountain range and the Hanthana Mountain Range, giving the city a height of 500 meters above sea level. Its area is 28.5km². Kandy is the historic town of the supreme importance of religion and culture. This historic holy site was declared a world heritage site by UNESCO in 1988. The relatively wet and cool climate due to high elevation, the coldest January and July Hottest, dry from December to April, rains from May to December and the annual average temperature in Kandy is 24.5 ° C.
The last capital of the Sinhala king to fall into British hands in 1815, Kandy which is also known as “Senkadagalapura” established by Wickramabahu III (1357-1374 AD). Kandy remained the most sacred sites of Buddhism in Sri Lanka, perhaps the capital of Buddhism because it is home to the Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic (Sri Dalada Maligawa) – the most revered Buddhist temple in the world.
Temple of Sacred Tooth Relic
Temple of Tooth in Kandy is the final location of the sacred tooth of Lord Buddha brought to Sri Lanka during the reign of King Keerthi Sri Megawarna (301 BC-238 Bc) prince “Dantha” and daughter “Hemamala” of the kingdom Kalingu India. It became the palladium of Sri Lankan kings and was preciously guarded in a special shrine built within precincts of the royal palace where the capital was located.
The Temple of the Tooth Relic of Lord Buddha, “Sri Dalada Maligawa” in the city center, where the highest religion is respected by studying cultural heritage attracts the highest respect Buddhists and other religions worldwide. A beautiful magnificent temple built by the late king Vimaladharmasooriya 1 in 1592 AB
The Shrine Relic approached by a large draw-bridge over the moat and through the beautifully decorated frontispiece. A tunnel “Ambarawa”, leading to the main temple complex, has a central courtyard surrounded by terraced structures.
The two-story open pillared hall in front of an area where visitors and people gather. The lower chamber has a central part consecrated to the beating of drums and other forms of traditional music performed during the hours of ritual services. On either side are Pallemale temple built by King Kirti Sri Rajasinha (1747 –1782 AD) and Octagon (Pattirippuva) built by the last king, Sri Vikrama Rajasinha on one side and “stupa” minor should contain Bowl Relic of Buddha on the other side. The storied structure is to the right and left temple, the residence of the monks move during the daily service (Tevava), conference room, library and office of “Diyawadana Nilame”. Recognition of the sacred temple Kandy has been declared as a world heritage city by UNESCO. Monks of the two chapters of “Malwattu” and “Asgiriya” conduct daily worship at the temple hall. Rituals do 3 times a day at dawn, at noon and in the evening. On Wednesday, there is a symbolic bathing of the sacred relics of the herbal preparation of perfumed water and fragrant flowers called “Nanumura Mangalya”.
Most famous for the Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic (Sri Dalada Maligawa), a beautiful city is gifted with a score of attractions that include Sri Dalada Maligawa, Kandy Lake, Aluth Maligawa, Asgiriya Maha Vihara, Malwatu Maha Vihara, and four great Devales , Kandy national Museum, Rajah Tusker Hall, the Royal Palace and Park, Sri Dalada Museum, Udawattekelle Bird Sanctuary. All the temples and monuments are a good exhibition of Kandian architecture, with the best artwork, carving and traditional forms of preserved cultural dance forms. All this has come together to put this city as a world heritage.
Entrance Tickets for Temple of Sacred Tooth Relic:
Adult Rs.1500
Child Rs.750
Opening & Closing Time: 5.30 Am to 8.00 Pm (Tickets will not be issued after 6.30 PM)
Distance & Driving Hours
From Colombo: 116 Kilometers Approximately 4 Hours Drive
Old Town of Galle and its Fortifications
Most famous for a centuries-old castle, Galle which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site under ‘category culture’ states in 1988. The climate is hot and humid throughout the year to reach the max temperature to 310 C and rainfall from May to September. Galle fort was built in 1588 by the Portuguese in the 52-ha area in the Bay of Galle on the southwestern coast of Sri Lanka, and then extensively fortified by the Dutch in the 17th century, the fort of Galle is a great monument of historical, archaeological and architectural value. It is the largest and most secure fortress in Sri Lanka declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1988. It has been declared an archaeological reserve by the UN since 1969.
The Galle harbor has played an important role in the export of special spices cinnamon from Sri Lanka. However, Galle modern history dates back to the 16th century. Portuguese navigators arrived at Galle in 1505 by Lourenco de Almeida, and they fortified the town to defend the peninsula in northern landside. But they were ousted by the Dutch who arrived in Galle in 1640. Galle saw its development peak in the 18th century, before the arrival of the British. Galle is a perfect blend of European architectural styles and South Asian traditions.
The fort was taken over by the Dutch in 1640 has extensive fortification because the bastioned stone wall added to the castle to make it impregnable against the English, French, Danish, Spanish and Portuguese fleets competing with the Dutch for supremacy of the sea. During the 1660s, the castle gate north and most of the curtain wall is built.
It is during the 18th century that the fort of Galle has a lot of development. private homes, public administration buildings, businesses and warehouses located in the fort during this century.
In 1796, the fort of Galle handed over to the British after they took over Colombo. Since the Galle remained the administrative center of southern Ceylon and many inappropriate modifications do affect the value of the history and architecture of the castle.
Lighthouse
Galle Lighthouse also is known as Pointe de Galle Light is the oldest light station, Sri Lanka. Established in 1848 as the first inland lighthouse in Galle, Sri Lanka, the original 80-foot structure was destroyed by fire and the existing structure was built in 1939, just 100 meters from where its predecessor stood.
Standing at 26.5 meters the first lighthouse light fitted with a prism glass lens is supported on a friction-reducing Mercury shower. Mercury bath has two purposes; one is to keep the lights on a perfect level and the other is to make the rotation smooth light and friction.
Entrance Tickets for Galle Fort Museum:
Adult 5 USD + Service Charge+ Government Tax(VAT + NBT + Etc.) +Vehicle Charge
Child 2.50 USD + Service Charge+ Government Tax(VAT + NBT + Etc.) +Vehicle Charge
Opening & Closing Time: 24 hours
Distance & Driving Hours
From Nearest Town Galle: 4 kilometers Approximately 15 Mnts Drive
From Kandy: 222 kilometers Approximately 5 Hours Drive
From Colombo: 125 Kilometers Approximately 2 & Half Hours Drive
Sinharaja Forest Reserve
Sinharaja is located close to Ratnapura and between the villages of Rakwana, Deniyaya, and Matugama. It covers about 11 187 hectares from east to west and from an altitude of 300-1170 meters. The length of the forest is about 21km and the width from North to South is about 3.7km. Recognizing the importance of the island’s ecosystem, Sinharaja Forest Reserve UNESCO declared World Heritage Site in 1988.
The forest reserve benefits from both monsoon rainfalls- south-west between May-July and the north-east between the months of November to January each year. The average temperature recorded between 18-27 degrees Celsius, with February being the only dry months experience in the park.
Sinharaja Forest Reserve which means ‘Lion Kingdom’ is a renowned rain forest in the country and has been identified as an important biodiversity hotspot. The Park has originally declared a forest reserve in 1875 and was declared a Man and Biosphere Reserve (MAB) in 1978, as a representative of the tropical humid evergreen forest Eco system in Sri Lanka and has been recognized by UNESCO as part of its International Network of Biosphere reserves.
This protected forest can be accessed from one of its three entrances; Pitadeniya, Kudawa and Morning Side. Vegetation in the Sinharaja is that of a humid tropical evergreen forest with large trees that grow to a height of 35m to 40m and even going up to 50m, believed to have unbelievable genetic potential, waiting to be tapped. Some families Dipterocarpaceae show endemism more than 90%, of the 211 woody trees and lianas, 66% or 139 of them are endemic to the forests. Lower plants like ferns and epiphytic of the 25 endemic species 13 have been recorded within Sinharaja itself.
Protected forests receive 3000-6000 mm of annual rainfall during the year. Two important rivers; namely Gin and Kalu Ganga (Rivers) and many other waterways fed and nourished by water flowing from this verdant forest reserves. Forest cover is denser than other arid zone gardens making it safer for wildlife has not made it a little harder for visitors to take a glimpse of large mammals such as Leopard and Elephant.
This tropical rain forest is believed to be home to nearly 50% of endemic Sri Lankan wildlife attracts thousands of visitors who want to explore and experience the natural wonders of this rich in endemism; an inevitable treasure full of various species of flora and fauna.
The high diversity of vegetation in the reserve has made it a lucrative refuge for many species of birds, mammals, reptiles, insects, fish, amphibians and plants; all co-exist in the ecosystem.
Larger mammals are elephants (only slightly visible on the side Rakwana) Leopard, Sambar, Fishing Cat, Rusty Spotted Cat, Barking deer, mouse deer, Jackal and wild pigs and is often seen endemic Purple-faced langur monkey Toque, monkey reddish brown. Small mammals including, Porcupine, Otter, three squirrel species; Giant, Small striped and Flying, two species Mongoose- Badger and Brown, two species of a weasel; Ring-tailed and Golden Palm, many species of Bandicoot, Rats, Bats and even a very rare Pangolin. Some reptiles Python, green pit viper, the Hump-nosed viper, and Rough nosed horned lizards. It is known that 50% of amphibian species are found in Sinharaja endemic countries; this includes greater hour-glass tree frog, wrinkles frog, Reed frog, and Torrent toads.
Sinharaja has recorded more than 154 species of birds and is known to have a ‘mixed-species feeding flocks’ or informally called ‘bird wave’ where two or more species to feed and move together. This unique scenery seen in Sinharaja sometimes consisting of flocks containing 30-50 birds of various species sometimes 10-12 species, erupted in various bird sounds when they feed and move in a short time. Taking the lead in this exercise is the Orange-billed babbler and Crested Drongo.
Watch endemic birds here include Ceylon Lorikeet, Layard parakeets, Jungle & Spurfowl, Sri Lanka Blue Magpie, Sri Lanka Grackle, Ceylon Hanging Parrot, Ceylon Gray hornbill, ashy-headed laughing thrush, Layard parakeets, Spotted-wing thrush, Brown, capped babbler, Ceylon Hill Mynah, Red-faced Malkoha, Legge’s flower-pecker among many others.
Entrance Tickets:
Adult 4 USD + Service Charge+ Government Tax (VAT + NBT + Etc.)
Child 2 USD + Service Charge+ Government Tax (VAT + NBT + Etc.)
Additional Chargers: Trekking Guide+ Vehicle Charge
Opening & Closing Time: 6.30 Am to 6.00 Pm (Tickets will not be issued after 4.30 PM)
Distance & Driving Hours
From Nearest Town Deniyaya: 21 kilometers Approximately 1 Hour & 15 Mnts Drive
From Kandy: 246 kilometers Approximately 6 Hours & 15 Mnts Drive.
From Colombo: 163 Kilometers Approximately 4 Hours Drive
Central Highlands of Sri Lanka
The Central Highland of Sri Lanka is including the Horton Plains National Park and the Knuckles Conservation Forest Peak Wilderness Protected Area. The Peak Wilderness Nature Reserve extends in three districts; Nuwara Eliya in the Central Province, and Rathnapura and Kegalle in the Sabaragamuwa Province. Horton Plains National Park is located in the district of Nuwara Eliya in the Central Province. The Knuckles Conservation Forest is located in the district of Matale and Kandy in the Central Province. At more than 1,200 meters above sea level, natural UNESCO World Heritage Site is merged with another in 2010. There are many hiking trails in the Central Highlands and the biodiversity paradise for naturalists.
The highland of Sri Lanka lies in the south-central part of the island. These montane forests is home to an incredible variety of flora and fauna, including several endangered species such as the western-purple-faced langur, the Horton Plains slender loris and the Sri Lankan leopard.
They include areas Sri Lanka mountain rain forest is considered as a super-hotspots in the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka biodiversity hotspot. More than half of vertebrates endemic to Sri Lanka, half of the flowering plants’ endemic countries and more than 34% of endemic trees, shrubs, and plants that are restricted to these diverse rain forest mountains and areas adjacent pasture.
Of the 408 species of vertebrates 83% of the indigenous population of freshwater fish and 81% of amphibians in the Peak Wilderness Protected Area are endemic, 91% of amphibians and 89% of reptiles, Horton Plains is endemic, and 64% of amphibians and 51% of reptiles in the Knuckles Conservation Forest is endemic.
Knuckles Conservation Forest
The Knuckles Mountain Range is also called Knuckles Massif; biodiversity hotspots in the district of Kandy and Matale in the Central Province of Sri Lanka. Located at an altitude of 1000 meters above sea level, with a land area of about 21 ha that consists of five peaks and 2nd peak is the highest peak 1869m. The area located above 1500 m declared climate reserves in 1873 and forest conservation in 2000, Biosphere Reserve and World Heritage Site in 2009. It is currently regarded as one of South Asia is an important site for conservation mountain tropical forest habitat.
The beautiful mist-laden mountain is where the Knuckles Forest Reserve, also known as the Knuckles Conservation Forest found. It is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site that comes under the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka’s World Heritage Properties, one of the two World Natural Heritage Properties in Sri Lanka.
The climate here varies from hot to very wet and cold with some higher elevations reporting ground frost during January – March with strong winds at most other times. The average rainfall in the Knuckles range lies between 3000-5000ml while temperatures ranged between 5.5 degrees and 35 degrees Celsius. Southwest Monsoon brings rain through a gap in the range of mountains. The average wind speed was measured to be approximately 7.2km / h and humidity in the range lies between 57% -90%.
The vegetation in the valleys and hills of green vegetation is mainly composed of big trees, mountain slopes above contain moist evergreen tropical rain forest and the upper level has a cloud forest; humid forests with low-level clouds where many endemic species of ferns, orchids, mosses, and lichens grow profusely. Another type of unique vegetation found here includes the typical beautiful meadow called “Pitawala Patana” beautiful Riverine forests beside the river and waterways, which scrublands and Pygmy forest with plants twisted and wrinkled plant life growing up 1-2 m from the surface.
The Knuckles massif broke away from the central hills by Dumbara Valleys; deep canyons. There are several ways to Knuckles mountain range, each one different and exclusive, making it ideal for hiking, trekking, hunting waterfalls, birds and of course must be a place for some photographic views. Visitors can take a trip on three routes from Kandy via Rattota, via Wattegama and via Teldeniya.
Knuckles Forest Reserve is considered as an important water catchment for rivers feeding the Mahaweli River (the country’s longest), the Heen River, Maha Oya, Hasalaka Oya, and the Theligamu Oya.
The Forest Reserve has been recorded up of 1033 plant species belonging to 141 families of which 15% are endemic. In addition, there are 128 species of birds of which 17 are endemic; some of them are Black Eagle, Pale-billed flowerpecker, Takur, Lorikeets, Egrets, Herons, finches, Babblers, Kingfishers, and Woodpeckers. 31 species of mammals, including wild boar, hare Black-naped, Mouse deer, Sambar deer, elephants, wild buffalo, monkeys, squirrels, civet cat, cat Golden Palm, Loris, Jackal, Mongoose, Bandicoot and Porcupine. 20 amphibian species including Kirthisingha Rock Frog and leaf-nosed lizards, 15 species of fish including Phillips Garra, blotched filamented Martenstyn thorns and spines. There are 60 species of butterflies, with two endemic species Birdwing and Blue Mormon. There are also 17 species of mollusks and 53 species of reptiles.
Entrance Tickets
Adult 4 USD + Service Charge+ Government Tax (VAT + NBT + Etc.)
Child 2 USD + Service Charge+ Government Tax (VAT + NBT + Etc.)
Additional Chagres: Vehicle Charge+ Trekking Guide
Opening and Closing Time: 6.00 AM to 6.00 Pm (Tickets are not issued after 4.00 Pm
Distance & Driving Hours
From Nearest Town Wattegama: 28 kilometers Approximately 1 hour & 15-minute drive
Teldeniya: 37 kilometers Approximately 1 hour & 15-minute drive
From Kandy: 40 kilometers Approximately 2 Hours Drive.
From Colombo: 156 Kilometers Approximately 5 Hours Drive
Horton Plains Park
Horton plains National park is a protected area in the central highlands in Sri Lanka as a UNESCO World Heritage site. It’s covered by mountain grassland and cloud forest. Horton plains is 1,800- 2,386 meters. The park is about 3,160 hectares of mountain grassland fringed and interspersed with patches of dense mountain cloud forests. Also, Kirigalpotta (2,389 m) and Thotupalakanda (2,357) being the second and third highest mountains in the country respectively are situated with this park. This is also the highest plateau of the country, being above 5,000 feet, and the western slopes of the park support the most extensive areas of mountain cloud forests surviving in the country. The park comes under the purview of the Department of wildlife conservation and a permit is required to enter the park. There are motorable roads as well as footpaths to different locations. And located on Nuwaraeliya District, central province. 32 kilometers south of Nuwaraeliya. The mean annual temperature is 13’c but the temperature varies considerably during the course of a day, reaching as high as 27’c during the day time, and dipping as low as 5’c at night. Horton plains are rich in biodiversity and many species are endemic to the region. This region was designated a national park in 1988. Also, it’s a popular tourist destination.
Horton the plains’ vegetation is grassland interspersed with mountain forest and includes many endemic woody plants. Horton plain is the only National park based in the hill country. it is the best escapade for nature and adventure lovers. Beautiful grassy land provides stay to many wild animals, Large herds of Sri Lankan Sambar Deer feature as typical mammals,( Leopard/ Wild Boar/ Black Napped Hare/Fishing cat/ Ring-Tailed Civet/ Golden palm civet/ Mongoose/ purple face leaf Monkey) Fishes, Amphibians and Reptiles. Also in important birds area with many species. Not only endemic to Sri Lanka but restricted to the Horton Plains.
From here begin the footpaths and all the travelers enjoy their travel by visiting Bakers falls, Big worlds End Drop (884 Meters) and small worlds end drop (274 meters). Also, misty surrounding makes it so real it’s a circular loop of 7 kilometers that can walk comfortably in half a day.
If you are visiting Horton plains you should visit early in the morning because after 11.00 am probably Foggy/ misty. If you are really interesting to do Hiking and Trekking in hearing another footpath is they’re named Kirigalpotta mountain (2nd highest peak of Sri Lanka) 14 kilometers up and down trek and its 2,389 meters altitude.
Flora- 774 flowering plants, 112 endemic and 78 identified as endangered, 50 different kinds of grass most of which endemic to the island.
Fauna- 460 Birds, 33 endemic, 100 confined to Horton plains, 10 types of mammal, some reptiles, amphibians, and butterflies.
chance to see 95% Sambar Deer
Entrance Tickets: Adults 15 USD+ service charge+ Government Tax(VAT+ NBT+ Etc.)+ vehicle charge
Child 8 USD+ service charge+ Government Tax(VAT+ NBT+ Etc.)+ vehicle charge
Opening & Closing Time:6.00 AM to 6.00 PM (Tickets will not be issued after 2.00 PM )
Distance & Driving Hours:
From Nearest Town Nuwaraeliya: 32 Kilometers Approximately 1 Hour Drive
From Nearest village Ohiya: 11 Kilometers Approximately 30 minute drive.
From Kandy: 104 Kilometers Approximately 4 Hours drive.
From Colombo:190 Kilometers Approximately 6 Hours and 45 Miniatures Drive
The Peak Wilderness Protected Area
The Peak Wilderness Protected Area located in Central Province and Sabaragamuwa Province, Sri Lanka. It is the third-largest of the 50 sanctuaries in the country. Peak Wilderness sanctuary is a tropical rain forest that spreads over 224 square kilometers of land around Adam’s Peak Mountain. A large forest area that belonged to Peak Wilderness was cut down and cleared during the British colonial administration in Sri Lanka (1815-1948) to acquire land for large tea plantations that are still functioning in the district of Nuwara Eliya. The remaining part of the Peak Wilderness declared a wildlife sanctuary on October 25, 1940.
The climate of the Peak Wilderness, during the months of January, February, March, April, and May you are most likely to experience good weather with average temperatures pleasant fall between 20 degrees Celsius (68 ° F) and 25 degrees Celsius (77 ° F). January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September and December have a high chance of rainfall. On average, the warmest month is April. On average, the coolest month is February.
Peak Wilderness varied contours 305-2243 meters above sea level. Therefore, it has a geographical formation that is unusual compared to other nature reserves of the island. Bena Samanala (2005 meters), Dotalugala, Detanagala, are some of the high mountains in the Peak Wilderness. It was also the birthplace of the Kelani, Kalu, Walave rivers and many tributaries of the Mahaweli river which makes the waterfall as Dotalu fall, Geradi fall, Galagama falls (200 meters), and Mapanana falls (101 meters) in the sanctuary. Out of the 3 access routes; Hatton route, Kuruwita route, and Palabaddala route, which Buddhist devotees and other tourists use to reach Adam’s Peak, Kuruwita and Palabaddala routes go right across the Peak Wilderness Sanctuary.
These forest areas are fully under the control of the Sri Lankan Department of Wildlife Conservation. It does not maintain the cottage, bungalow or such type of facilities for tourists in the Peak Wilderness sanctuary to preserve the purity of this forest. However, there is no restriction for eco-tourists to enter the sanctuary after obtaining a license from the Department of Wildlife Conservation of Sri Lanka.
Entrance Tickets:
Free of Charge
Distance & Driving Hours
From Nearest Town Hatton: 32 kilometers Approximately 1 Hour & 15 Mnts Drive
Kuruvita: 17 Kilometers Approximately 45 Mnts Drive
From Kandy: 96 kilometers Approximately 3 Hours Drive.
From Colombo: 182 Kilometers Approximately 5 Hours Drive